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TITLE

Current Understanding of Epigenetics and Beyond


ABSTRACT

¡¡ Epigenetics is defined as the study of mitotically and/or meiotically heritable influence on chromosome or gene function that is not accompanied by change in DNA sequence. After the genomic revolution, the term ¡®epigenomics¡¯ was coined as the study of the effects of chromatin structure and DNA methylation. Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal development and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression patterns in mammals; DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs including miRNAs constitute main categories of epigenetic mechanisms. An altered pattern of these epigenetic modifications is central to many common human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity and even behavioral disorders. Human epidemiological studies have provided evidence that prenatal and early postnatal environmental factors influence the adult disease susceptibility. It is now well-accepted that epigenetic events are likely to play an important role in the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Unlike genetic alterations, epigenetic aberrations are potentially reversible, allowing the investigation of epigenetic drugs for chemoprevention of specific disease state. Recently, the Human Epigenome Project (HEP) has been launched to provide the high-resolution reference epigenome maps. There are many biological and medical questions remained to be answered by epigenomic research.